PREVENT SEPARATION ANXIETY IN DOGS

Separation anxiety is a behavioral disorder in which dogs experience significant stress or distress when separated from their attachment figures. Dogs exhibit this type of anxiety by exhibiting behaviors ranging from mild to extreme panic and typically include barking, destructive chewing, pacing back and forth, or urinating outside of the house.

Some dogs may be more vulnerable to separation anxiety because of genetics, temperament, early experiences, or environmental changes. When a dog becomes overly reliant on its owner, being alone could potentially create stress for the dog. Fortunately, you can help your dog avoid developing Separation anxiety through proper early training, establishing structure and teaching the dog how to achieve independence gradually.

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Why Separation Anxiety Develops

Separation anxiety occurs most of the time through a combination of environmental influences, temperamental predisposition toward dependency or anxiety and behavioral patterns.

Most of the reasons why a dog will develop Separation anxiety cannot be attributed to one reason. Most commonly, it is developed through a combination of the individual dog’s temperament, which includes whether the dog has an instinctual tendency to be more anxious or more dependent and environmental factors.

Some examples of environmental factors that contribute to the development of Separation anxiety include a dog receiving constant attention from its owner(s) but failing to receive adequate training on remaining alone during normal hours of the day; experiencing sudden changes in daily routines; or being rehomed after previously living with other people or pets.

Early Prevention Starts in Puppyhood

Beginning the process of preventing separation anxiety early on is the best way to achieve success. Gradually teaching your puppy to become independent in a calm and controlled manner will help them develop coping skills from an early age.

The initial steps include creating short periods of time when you leave your puppy. Leave your puppy alone for a few minutes and then return and repeat, incrementally extending the amount of time you spend away. Consistency is the most crucial element and building up to longer times apart in increments is what you want to focus on, not just pulling a lengthy gap out of thin air.

Another aspect to consider is encouraging healthy independence. Overly attentive owners can inadvertently create dependency by always being available and having the puppy follow the owner wherever they go. Short periods of independent play can help build confidence in puppies.

An area specifically designed to provide safety, whether a crate or quiet room, can also aid in developing early independence if presented to the puppy in a positive light.

Building Independence Through Routine

Creating a daily routine that is stable provides security and stability for dogs, which can reduce anxiety related to environmental changes.

Consistent schedules for feeding, walking and playtime are essential to maintaining predictability. Keeping departures and arrivals calm can help prevent them from becoming highly exciting events for some dogs.

Practice short distance absences are helpful. A few minutes’ absence from the house, followed by a non-dramatic return, can teach your puppy that short term separation is normal and does not require alarm.

Training Techniques That Help

Training is one of the best ways to prevent emotional dependence in your dog. Basic training can improve communication and confidence, while specific separation exercises teach dogs to remain comfortable when alone. It is essential to train these commands consistently across all areas of the environment and increase the amount of time required before rewarding your dog with praise.

Environmental Support

The amount of emotional distress a dog has when left alone by itself will be heavily influenced by what they experience when they’re alone.

In that regard, providing a safe and comfortable place for your dog to lie down in (with familiar bedding) can go a great deal toward reducing the dog’s stress level. Background sounds may provide comfort for some dogs by reducing environmental changes during periods of solitude.

To provide mental stimulation while you’re gone, you may want to consider using interactive toys or puzzle feeders. Interactive toys and puzzle feeders can distract your dog and thereby alleviate boredom-related anxiety.

Also, regular physical activity prior to being left alone by yourself will help burn off excess energy and promote rest.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

There are several “well-meaning” things you can do to help minimize separation anxiety in your dog that could actually work against you.

Providing constant interaction without teaching independent relaxation may make it harder for some dogs to adjust to being alone. Sudden extended periods of isolation, without preparing the dog for it beforehand, are another. Punishing a dog for destructive behavior upon your return is also likely to be counterproductive. Destructive behavior is often directly related to the anxiety associated with being separated from its owner and not disobedient.

Early Warning Signs

• Restlessness when the owner prepares to leave
• Following the owner from room to room constantly
• Barking or whining shortly after being left alone
• Chewing furniture or objects near exits
• Indoor accidents when alone
• Over excited greetings when the owner returns

Role of Socialization and Mental Stimulation

Good socialization and enrichment can support emotional resilience and may reduce some risk factors associated with anxiety. Socialization includes exposure to various types of people, places and experiences, which builds a dogs self-confidence.

As important as providing your dog with enough physical activity (walking, running) is giving them enough mental stimulation. Puzzle toys, scent work and training provide adequate mental stimulation and can prevent boredom from becoming an underlying cause for anxiety.

If your dog has had sufficient physical and mental stimulation, they will be more likely to relax when you leave.

When Prevention Is Not Enough

Some dogs, regardless of how many preventative measures you take, will develop some form of separation based anxiety due to genetics or previous traumatic events. In those instances, it is very helpful to intervene early on.

Mild forms of this condition may benefit from working with a trainer/behaviorist using structure and positive reinforcement. Some mild forms may need vet care and/or medication along with their training.

Severe forms will also require professional assistance, such as working with a vet, animal behaviorist, or both. The sooner you begin to address the issue, the better chance you have of having a successful outcome.