Ascites are abnormal formations and accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. The amount of fluid depends on the degree of abdominal swelling. The condition is caused by fluid from the lymphatic and circulatory systems, as well as from internal organs, leaking into the peritoneum for various serious reasons.
The development of ascites can be either rapid, occurring over a couple of days, or slow, taking place over several weeks. As excess fluid creates increased pressure on the internal organs and makes breathing difficult, there are risks of severe complications and even death.
Causes of Ascites
Ascites can affect any pet, but it is most common in cats with a sedentary lifestyle. The potential causes include:
Cardiovascular system diseases
Renal system diseases
Hepatic system diseases
Vascular problems
Neoplasms
Trauma
Other contributing factors may include:
Diabetes mellitus
Tuberculosis
Immune system problems
Obesity
Symptoms
Swollen, elastic abdomen
Pain when pressing on the abdomen and a sensation of overflowing liquid
Breathing difficulties
Gastrointestinal tract disruptions
Expectoration
Weakness
Unhealthy-looking coat
Yellowed mucous membranes
Regardless of the causes of ascites, all internal systems in the pet’s body are affected.
Diagnostics
While ascites itself is easy to identify, the main task is determining its cause. The primary diagnostic methods include:
Ultrasound examination
Laboratory tests of blood and urine
Complete blood count (to determine the presence and degree of anemia, and inflammatory processes)
Cytological analysis of effusion fluids
Tomographic study
Bacteriological analysis of ascitic fluids
X-rays
Biopsy study
Treatment Methods
Treatment should address both the symptoms and the underlying disease. In emergency situations, the following steps are taken:
If there is a significant amount of fluid, it is removed via puncture, and then ultrasound is used to estimate how quickly it accumulates
Oxygen therapy is employed for breathing problems
Diuretics are administered to remove fluid
Blood transfusions are conducted in cases of bleeding or anemia
Concurrently, the underlying disease causing ascites is treated using methods such as:
Surgery
Chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms
Systemic treatments for systemic diseases
Antibacterial and antiviral drugs for infections
The overall treatment process depends entirely on the pet’s condition and the amount of fluid. Treatment is often lengthy and continues until the symptoms of ascites completely disappear.
Early detection of the disease leads to less severe consequences for the body. It is crucial to remember that only a qualified veterinarian can prescribe the most effective treatment therapies.
